Lukas 11:16

11:16 Others, to test ¹  him, ²  began asking for ³  a sign ⁴  from heaven.

Lukas 11:29-30

The Sign of Jonah

11:29 As ⁵  the crowds were increasing, Jesus ⁶  began to say, “This generation is a wicked generation; it looks for a sign, ⁷  but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah. ⁸  11:30 For just as Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, ⁹  so the Son of Man will be a sign ¹⁰  to this generation. ¹¹ 

Lukas 12:54-56

Reading the Signs

12:54 Jesus ¹²  also said to the crowds, “When you see a cloud rising in the west, ¹³  you say at once, ‘A rainstorm ¹⁴  is coming,’ and it does. 12:55 And when you see the south wind ¹⁵  blowing, you say, ‘There will be scorching heat,’ and there is. 12:56 You hypocrites! ¹⁶  You know how to interpret the appearance of the earth and the sky, but how can you not know how ¹⁷  to interpret the present time?

[11:16]  ¹ tn Grk “testing”; the participle is taken as indicating the purpose of the demand.

[11:16]  ² tn The pronoun “him” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

[11:16]  ³ tn Grk “seeking from him.” The imperfect ἐζήτουν (ezhtoun) is taken ingressively. It is also possible to regard it as iterative (“kept on asking”).

[11:16]  ⁴ sn What exactly this sign would have been, given what Jesus was already doing, is not clear. But here is where the fence-sitters reside, refusing to commit to him.

[11:29]  ⁵ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

[11:29]  ⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[11:29]  ⁷ sn The mention of a sign alludes back to Luke 11:16. Given what Jesus had done, nothing would be good enough. This leads to the rebuke that follows.

[11:29]  ⁸ sn As the following comparisons to Solomon and Jonah show, in the present context the sign of Jonah is not an allusion to Jonah being three days in the belly of the fish, but to Jesus’ teaching about wisdom and repentance.

[11:30]  ⁹ tn Grk “to the Ninevites.” What the Ninevites experienced was Jonah’s message (Jonah 3:4, 10; 4:1).

[11:30]  ¹⁰ tn The repetition of the words “a sign” are not in the Greek text, but are implied and are supplied here for clarity.

[11:30]  ¹¹ tc Only the Western ms D and a few Itala mss add here a long reference to Jonah being in the belly of the fish for three days and nights and the Son of Man being three days in the earth, apparently harmonizing the text to the parallel in Matt 12:40.

[12:54]  ¹² tn Grk “He”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has been translated as “also” and δέ (de) has not been translated.

[12:54]  ¹³ sn A cloud rising in the west refers to moisture coming from the Mediterranean Sea.

[12:54]  ¹⁴ tn The term ὄμβρος (ombro") refers to heavy rain, such as in a thunderstorm (L&N 14.12).

[12:55]  ¹⁵ sn The south wind comes from the desert, and thus brings scorching heat.

[12:56]  ¹⁶ sn In Luke, the term hypocrites occurs here, in 6:42, and in 13:15.

[12:56]  ¹⁷ tc Most mss (Ì⁴⁵ A W Ψ Ë^1,13 Ï lat) have a syntax here that reflects a slightly different rhetorical question: “but how do you not interpret the present time?” The reading behind the translation, however, has overall superior support: Ì⁷⁵ א B L Θ 33 892 1241 pc.